12th Political Science Question Bank

# Question Bank

## Subject: Political Science

## Class: 12th

## Year: 2025-26

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#### Chapter 1: The End of Bipolarity (Contemporary World Politics)

1. Select the correct option and write:

(i) Where did the Socialist Revolution take place?

(a) In Russia

(b) In France

(d) In England

(ii) On which system was the Soviet system’s economy based?

(a) Capitalist economy

(b) Socialist economy

(d) None of the above

(iii) When did the disintegration of the Soviet Union occur?

(a) 25 December 1991

(b) 06 December 1992

(d) 5 November 1993

(iv) How many republics were there in the Soviet Union?

(a) 15

(b) 16

(d) 18

(v) The Union of Socialist Soviet Republics was a military organization of:

(a) NATO

(b) SEATO

(d) CENTO

(vi) When was the Berlin Wall demolished?

(a) 1991

(b) 1989

(d) 1993

(vii) In 1985, who was made the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union?

(a) Joseph Stalin

(b) Vladimir Lenin

(d) Nikita Khrushchev

(viii) What was the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics called?

(a) First World

(b) Second World

(d) Group of Neutral Countries

(ix) Which party dominated in the Soviet Union?

(a) Communist Party

(b) Marxist

(d) Maoist

2. Fill in the blanks:

(i) The first elected President of Russia was __________.

(ii) Mikhail Gorbachev introduced __________ and __________ economic reforms.

(iii) In the Soviet Union, the __________ Party ruled for 72 years.

(iv) The literal meaning of __________ is to deliver a shock and then treat.

(v) The currency of Russia is __________.

(vi) The Berlin Wall was built in __________.

(vii) The Parliament of Russia is __________.

(viii) The unification of Germany occurred in __________.

(ix) Lenin’s successor was __________.

3. Write True/False:

(i) The Soviet system was based on capitalist ideology.

(ii) In June 1991, Boris Yeltsin resigned from the Communist Party.

(iii) Shock Therapy led to a complete state-controlled industrial structure in Russia.

(iv) The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the end of the Cold War.

(v) In bipolarity, only one power exists.

(vi) NATO was established in 1949.

(vii) After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, newly emerged nations became independent states and joined the national total.

(viii) The Berlin Wall is located in France.

4. Answer in one sentence:

(i) Write the full name of NATO.

(ii) When was the Warsaw Pact signed?

(iii) What is called the First World?

(iv) Who was the last President of the Soviet Union?

(v) Write the names of the superpowers in bipolarity.

(vi) Of which country was Nikita Khrushchev the President?

5. Very Short Answer Questions:

(i) Why is Shock Therapy called the biggest garage sale in history? Explain.

(ii) Write two reasons for the emergence of the Soviet Union as a superpower.

(iii) Write two consequences of Shock Therapy.

(iv) Explain three flaws of the Soviet system.

(v) Who was Vladimir Lenin and what was his contribution to the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics? Write.

(vi) Write the three main objectives of military alliances.

6. Long Answer Questions:

(i) Write any four reasons for the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

(ii) Write the five main features of the Soviet system.

(iii) What was Shock Therapy? Was it the best way to transition from communism to capitalism?

(iv) What were Mikhail Gorbachev's main economic reforms? Explain.

(v) Explain Perestroika (restructuring) and Glasnost (openness) as economic reforms.

(vi) Describe any three features that distinguish the Soviet Union's economy from a capitalist country like America.

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#### Chapter 2: Contemporary Centers of Power (Contemporary World Politics)

1. Select the correct option and write:

(i) What is the name of the European Union's currency?

(a) Euro

(b) Ruble

(d) Yen

(ii) When was ASEAN established?

(a) 1967

(b) 1966

(d) 1972

(iii) The golden stars on the flag of the European Union symbolize what?

(a) Unity and reconciliation

(b) Completeness

(d) All of the above

(iv) The number of member countries in the ASEAN regional organization is:

(a) 27

(b) 10

(d) 12

(v) When did the India-China war take place?

(a) 1960

(b) 1971

(d) 1965

(vi) The "Look East" policy belongs to which country?

(a) India

(b) America

(d) Sri Lanka

(vii) The "Open Door Policy" belongs to which country?

(a) America

(b) China

(d) Myanmar

2. Fill in the blanks:

(i) ASEAN was established through the __________ Declaration.

(ii) The European Economic Cooperation Organization was established in __________.

(iii) In the ASEAN symbol, the circle is a symbol of __________.

(iv) The border war between India and China occurred over __________ and __________.

(v) ASEAN's headquarters is located at __________ place.

3. Match the correct pairs:

Column A | Column B

(i) ASEAN Symbol | a) 1982

(ii) Unification of Germany | b) Ten stalks of paddy

(iii) Establishment of European Union | c) 1990

(iv) Britain separating from the European Community | d) 1992

(v) Privatization of Chinese agriculture | e) 2016

(vi) Number of SAARC members | f) 1988

(vii) Rajiv Gandhi's visit to China | g) Yangtze China

(viii) Number of European Union members | h) Eight

(ix) Ladakh | i) 27

(x) Nobel Prize to European Union | j) 2012

4. Answer in one sentence:

(i) Write the full name of ASEAN.

(ii) Where is the headquarters of the European Union located?

(iii) Which organization was established by the Maastricht Treaty?

(iv) Where did India conduct nuclear tests in 1998?

(v) Which country established Special Economic Zones (SEZs)?

(vi) In 1972, China ended its political and economic isolation and established relations with which country?

5. Very Short Answer Questions:

(i) What is the Marshall Plan?

(ii) Write any two consequences of the India-China war.

(iii) What are the objectives of forming regional organizations?

(iv) What is the Open Door Policy?

(v) What is the Doklam issue? Explain.

(vi) What is the ASEAN Way? Explain.

6. Long Answer Questions:

(i) Write the four main objectives of the ASEAN organization.

(ii) Identify the issues of dispute between India and China and explain how to deal with them for greater cooperation. Give three suggestions.

(iii) Describe India's role in the ASEAN community.

(iv) How is today's Chinese economy different from a controlled economy? Explain.

(v) Describe the main functions of the European Union.

(vi) Write in detail the four causes of the India-China war.

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#### Chapter 3: Contemporary South Asia (Contemporary World Politics)

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) SAFTA is related to __________.

(ii) The European Economic Cooperation Organization was established __________.

(iii) In 2016, the European Union's economy was the __________ largest economy in the world.

(iv) In the ASEAN symbol, the circle is a symbol of __________.

(v) Sri Lanka has a majority __________ community.

(vi) The ancient name of Sri Lanka was __________.

2. Write True/False:

(i) In Pakistan and Bangladesh, there have been both democratic and military leaders in power.

(ii) Nepal adopted a new constitution in 2015.

(iii) The Farakka Ganga Water Treaty occurred in 1996 between India and Bangladesh.

(iv) The India-Pakistan war occurred in 1960.

(v) India and Pakistan signed the Water Treaty in 1960.

(vi) The South East Asian Organization was established in 1988.

3. Match the correct pairs:

Column A | Column B

(i) SAARC Headquarters | a) Uzbekistan

(ii) China's attack on India | b) 2008

(iii) Maoist | c) Kargil War

(iv) India and Pakistan | d) 1960

(v) End of monarchy in Nepal | e) Kathmandu

(vi) Tashkent | f) Nepal

(vii) Glasnost | g) Openness policy

4. Answer in one sentence:

(i) Which river water treaty has been a dispute between India and Pakistan?

(ii) When did India send a peacekeeping force to Sri Lanka?

(iii) Write the full name of LTTE.

(iv) Where did India conduct its first nuclear test?

(v) Between which countries was the Tashkent Agreement signed?

(vi) Where was the 18th SAARC Summit held?

5. Very Short Answer Questions:

(i) Write two conditions of the Shimla Agreement.

(ii) Write two reasons for differences between India and Sri Lanka.

(iii) Which countries border Kashmir?

(iv) What is meant by South Asia?

(v) When did the Kargil War occur and what was its outcome?

(vi) When did the emergence of Bangladesh occur and between whom was the Shimla Agreement signed?

6. Long Answer Questions:

(i) Comment on the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka.

(ii) Write the four main causes of dispute between India and Pakistan.

(iii) When was the Tashkent Agreement signed and write its main provisions.

(iv) Write the main causes of tension between India and Bangladesh.

(v) Write the factors weakening democracy in Pakistan.

(vi) Write four reasons for the rise of China's economy.

Below is the English translation of the remaining chapters from the provided document for the Political Science question bank for Class 12th, Year 2025-26, as requested.

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### Chapter 4: International Organizations (Contemporary World Politics)

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) The headquarters of the United Nations is located at __________.

(ii) The United Nations was established through the __________ Declaration.

(iii) 2016 marked the __________ anniversary of the United Nations.

(iv) The Security Council of the United Nations has __________ permanent members.

(v) The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the __________.

2. True/False:

(i) The United Nations was established in 1945.

(ii) India is a permanent member of the UN Security Council.

(iii) The International Court of Justice is located in Geneva.

(iv) The United Nations has 193 member states.

(v) The General Assembly is the main deliberative body of the United Nations.

3. Match the correct pairs:

| Column A | Column B |

|----------------------------|-------------------|

| (i) UNICEF | a) 1982 |

| (ii) UNESCO | b) Peacekeeping |

| (iii) WHO | c) Education |

| (iv) UN Peacekeeping Force | d) Health |

| (v) International Labor Organization | e) Children |

4. Answer in one sentence:

(i) When and where was the United Nations established?

(ii) What is the main function of the UN Security Council?

(iii) Where is the headquarters of the International Court of Justice located?

(iv) Name any two specialized agencies of the United Nations.

(v) What is the role of the General Assembly in the United Nations?

5. Very Short Answer Questions:

(i) What is the composition of the UN Security Council?

(ii) Write two objectives of establishing the United Nations.

(iii) What is the role of UNESCO?

(iv) Explain the concept of peacekeeping by the United Nations.

(v) What are the functions of the World Health Organization (WHO)?

(vi) Write the full form of UNDP and its main objective.

6. Long Answer Questions:

(i) Describe the structure and functions of the United Nations.

(ii) Explain the role of India in the United Nations.

(iii) What are the main achievements of the United Nations since its establishment?

(iv) Discuss the role of the UN Security Council in maintaining global peace.

(v) What are the challenges faced by the United Nations in the contemporary world?

(vi) Analyze the significance of specialized agencies of the United Nations.

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### Chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World (Contemporary World Politics)

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) The term "security" in international relations refers to __________.

(ii) The Cold War was a period of tension between __________ and __________.

(iii) The concept of human security was introduced by the __________ in 1994.

(iv) The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was established to promote __________.

(v) The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) was signed in __________.

2. True/False:

(i) The Cold War ended with the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

(ii) Human security includes only military security.

(iii) India conducted its first nuclear test in 1974.

(iv) The Non-Aligned Movement was founded by Jawaharlal Nehru.

(v) Terrorism is a major threat to global security today.

3. Match the correct pairs:

| Column A | Column B |

|----------------------------|-------------------|

| (i) Cold War | a) 1968 |

| (ii) NPT | b) 1947-1991 |

| (iii) Human Security Report | c) 1994 |

| (iv) India’s Nuclear Test | d) 1974 |

| (v) Non-Aligned Movement | e) 1961 |

4. Answer in one sentence:

(i) What is meant by traditional security?

(ii) When did India conduct its first nuclear test?

(iii) What is the main objective of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)?

(iv) Define human security in one sentence.

(v) Name two countries that were superpowers during the Cold War.

5. Very Short Answer Questions:

(i) What are the main components of traditional security?

(ii) Explain the concept of non-traditional security.

(iii) What is the significance of the Non-Aligned Movement?

(iv) Write two causes of global terrorism.

(v) What is the role of the United Nations in maintaining global security?

(vi) Discuss the impact of nuclear weapons on international security.

6. Long Answer Questions:

(i) Explain the difference between traditional and non-traditional security.

(ii) Discuss the role of India in promoting global disarmament.

(iii) What are the major challenges to security in the contemporary world?

(iv) Analyze the impact of the Cold War on global security.

(v) How has the concept of human security evolved over time?

(vi) Evaluate the effectiveness of the Non-Aligned Movement in the post-Cold War era.

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### Chapter 6: Environment and Natural Resources (Contemporary World Politics)

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) The Rio Summit was held in __________.

(ii) The Kyoto Protocol aims to reduce emissions of __________ gases.

(iii) The concept of sustainable development was popularized by the __________ report.

(iv) India is a major producer of __________ energy.

(v) The Paris Agreement was adopted in __________.

2. True/False:

(i) The Rio Summit was held in 1992.

(ii) Deforestation is a major cause of climate change.

(iii) The Kyoto Protocol is a legally binding agreement.

(iv) India has not ratified the Paris Agreement.

(v) Renewable energy sources include solar and wind power.

3. Match the correct pairs:

| Column A | Column B |

|----------------------------|-------------------|

| (i) Rio Summit | a) 2015 |

| (ii) Paris Agreement | b) 1992 |

| (iii) Kyoto Protocol | c) 1997 |

| (iv) Brundtland Report | d) 1987 |

| (v) Sustainable Development | e) Future generations |

4. Answer in one sentence:

(i) What is the main objective of the Paris Agreement?

(ii) When was the Kyoto Protocol adopted?

(iii) Define sustainable development in one sentence.

(iv) Name two renewable sources of energy.

(v) What is the significance of the Rio Summit?

5. Very Short Answer Questions:

(i) What are the main causes of global warming?

(ii) Explain the concept of carbon footprint.

(iii) What is the role of the Kyoto Protocol?

(iv) Write two impacts of deforestation.

(v) How does India contribute to renewable energy?

(vi) What is the aim of the Paris Agreement?

6. Long Answer Questions:

(i) Discuss the major environmental challenges faced by the world today.

(ii) Explain the significance of the Rio Summit and its outcomes.

(iii) What are the key features of the Paris Agreement?

(iv) Analyze the role of international cooperation in addressing climate change.

(v) How can sustainable development be achieved in developing countries?

(vi) Evaluate the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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### Chapter 7: Globalization (Contemporary World Politics)

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) Globalization refers to the integration of __________ and economies.

(ii) The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in __________.

(iii) The process of globalization has been accelerated by __________ technology.

(iv) India opened its economy to globalization in __________.

(v) Multinational corporations (MNCs) play a key role in __________.

2. True/False:

(i) Globalization has led to the growth of local cultures.

(ii) The WTO was established in 1995.

(iii) Globalization has increased economic inequality in many countries.

(iv) India adopted globalization policies in 1991.

(v) The internet has no role in globalization.

3. Match the correct pairs:

| Column A | Column B |

|----------------------------|-------------------|

| (i) WTO | a) 1995 |

| (ii) Globalization | b) Economic integration |

| (iii) MNCs | c) Foreign investment |

| (iv) Liberalization | d) 1991 |

(v) Information Technology | e) Communication |

4. Answer in one sentence:

(i) What is meant by globalization?

(ii) When was the World Trade Organization established?

(iii) Name two benefits of globalization.

(iv) What is the role of MNCs in globalization?

(v) How did India adopt globalization?

5. Very Short Answer Questions:

(i) What are the main drivers of globalization?

(ii) Explain the impact of globalization on culture.

(iii) What is the role of the WTO in global trade?

(iv) Write two challenges of globalization.

(v) How has technology contributed to globalization?

(vi) What is economic liberalization?

6. Long Answer Questions:

(i) Discuss the positive and negative impacts of globalization on developing countries.

(ii) Analyze the role of the World Trade Organization in promoting global trade.

(iii) How has globalization affected the Indian economy since 1991?

(iv) Evaluate the cultural consequences of globalization.

(v) What are the challenges of globalization in the 21st century?

(vi) Explain the relationship between globalization and technological advancement.

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Political Science Notes By ARVIND SINGH

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12th Political Science Complete Notes