📘 Chapter 1: The French Revolution – Summary 🔰 Introduction: The French Revolution began in 1789 and is one of the most significant events in world history. It marked the end of monarchy in France and led to the rise of democracy and modern political ideas such as liberty, equality, and fraternity . 🏰 France Before the Revolution: Absolute Monarchy: King Louis XVI ruled France with complete power. He believed in the Divine Right of Kings. Social Structure (Three Estates): First Estate: Clergy – privileged and exempt from taxes. Second Estate: Nobility – also exempt from taxes and held top positions. Third Estate: Common people (peasants, workers, merchants) – paid all taxes and had no political rights. Economic Crisis: France was in heavy debt due to wars (especially helping the American Revolution). Poor harvests and rising food prices led to famine and anger among the poor. Tax burden was unfairly placed on the Third Estate. Ideas of Enlightenmen...
Political World (Contemporary & Traditional) Arvind Singh Issue - 02/2022 Solution of questions asked in quarterly exam Class 11th 1- The world's largest constitution - Constitution of India. 2- First general election in India – 1952. 3- The representative of the Central Government in the state government- Governor. 4- Number of states having bicameral legislature- 6. 5- Autobiography of Nelson Mandela - Long Walk to Freedom. 6- The author of the book Theory of Justice- John Rawls. 7- The number of members of the Constituent Assembly - 389/299. 8- In the Parliamentary system, the head of government is the Prime Minister. 9- The President nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha. 10- The supreme power in a democracy is in the people. 11-Natural equality is acquired from birth. 12- Aung San Suu Kyi is from Myanmar. 13- Prohibition of untouchability is in Article 17. 14- Cripps Mission Plan - 1942 came i...