Solution of MPBSC 12th Political Science Model Paper 2025

 1. Choose the Correct Option

(i) The flag of the European Union has stars:

(b) 12

(ii) The Bolshevik Revolution took place in:

(c) Russia

(iii) The establishment and headquarters of Amnesty International are:

(a) London, 1961

(iv) On 2nd June 2014, India's 29th state was formed:

(c) Telangana

(v) Kargil war between India and Pakistan occurred in:

(b) 1999

(vi) Sikkim's merger with India took place in:

(a) 1975

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2. Fill in the Blanks

(i) Those who voluntarily leave their home country are called:

Refugees

(ii) The book "Limits to Growth" was published by:

Club of Rome

(iii) Globalization gives birth to ______ in the economic field:

Interdependence

(iv) The main leader of the syndicate was:

K. Kamaraj

(v) The slogan of total revolution was given by:

Jayaprakash Narayan

(vi) The success of the 1977 elections made ______ a Loknayak:

Jayaprakash Narayan

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3. Write True/False

(i) A terrorist attack took place in Britain on 11th September 2001:

False (It was in the USA).

(ii) Saudi Arabia is the largest oil-producing country in the world:

True

(iii) The impact of globalization on different countries and societies has been the same:

False

(iv) Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was the founder of the Independent Labour Party:

True

(v) The slogan "Garibi Hatao" was given by Mrs. Indira Gandhi:

True

(vi) The first Labor Minister of Independent India was Babu Jagjivan Ram:

True

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4. Match the Correct Pair

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5. Write in One Sentence

(i) Name of the first Soviet republic to declare independence:

Lithuania

(ii) Full form of ASEAN:

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

(iii) Foundation day of the United Nations:

24th October

(iv) First Indian state formed based on language:

Andhra Pradesh

(v) Date of Emergency declaration by Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed:

25th June 1975

(vi) Year of Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act:

2019

(vii) Farakka Agreement in December 1996 was signed between:

India and Bangladesh

6. Movement in Bihar (1974)

The JP Movement was started by Jayaprakash Narayan in Bihar in 1974 to fight corruption, mismanagement, and authoritarianism in the government. It became a call for "Total Revolution."

Or

Preventive Detention: It refers to the act of detaining an individual without trial to prevent them from committing a potential offense that could harm public order or national security.

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7. Operation Blue Star

Operation Blue Star was a military operation in 1984 ordered by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to remove armed militants from the Golden Temple in Amritsar.

Or

Union Territories of India (as of recent):

1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands

2. Chandigarh

3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu

4. Lakshadweep

5. Delhi

6. Puducherry

7. Jammu and Kashmir

8. Ladakh

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8. Meaning of Creamy Layer

The creamy layer refers to the relatively wealthier and better-educated individuals within the backward classes, who are excluded from reservations in jobs and education.

Or

Two Changes in Indian Politics in the 1990s:

1. Economic Liberalization: Opened up the Indian economy to global markets.

2. Rise of Coalition Governments: Regional parties gained influence, leading to coalition governments.

9. Coalition Government and Challenges

Definition: A coalition government is formed when multiple political parties collaborate to achieve a majority in a legislature.

Challenges:

1. Policy Paralysis: Conflicting ideologies hinder decision-making.

2. Instability: Frequent disagreements can lead to government collapse.

Or

Prime Ministers of India after 1989:

1. Vishwanath Pratap Singh (1989-1990)

2. Chandra Shekhar (1990-1991)

3. P.V. Narasimha Rao (1991-1996)

4. Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1996)

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10. Privy Purse

Privy Purse was a payment made to the erstwhile royal families of India after the abolition of princely states to compensate them for integrating their kingdoms into India.

Or

Reasons Why the 1960s Was Called a Dangerous Decade:

1. Wars: Conflicts with China (1962) and Pakistan (1965).

2. Political Instability: Economic crises and food shortages led to unrest.

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11. Dominance of One Party

One-party dominance refers to the political scenario where one party (e.g., the Indian National Congress post-independence) controls the majority of political power for an extended period.

Or

Establishment of Bharatiya Jana Sangh:

The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was established in 1951 by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee.

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12. First Five-Year Plan

Start Date: The First Five-Year Plan was launched in 1951.

Key Features:

1. Focused on agricultural development.

2. Emphasized irrigation and community development.

Or

NITI Aayog:

Formation: Replaced the Planning Commission in 2015.

Functions:

1. Policy formulation and evaluation.

2. Coordination between the central and state governments.

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13. Kyoto Protocol

The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty adopted in 1997 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. India signed it in 2002.

Or

Global Warming Causes:

1. Excessive burning of fossil fuels.

2. Deforestation and industrial activities releasing greenhouse gases.

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14. Natural Resources

Definition: Resources like air, water, minerals, and forests that occur naturally and support life.

Measures to Save Natural Resources:

1. Promote afforestation.

2. Encourage sustainable energy usage.

Or

Two Demands of Natives:

1. Protection of land and cultural heritage.

2. Greater autonomy and recognition of rights.

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15. Globalization

Definition: It is the process of increased interconnection between countries through trade, technology, and cultural exchange.

Characteristics:

1. Integration of global markets.

2. Free flow of goods, services, and information.

Or

Contribution of Technology to Globalization:

1. Communication: Internet and mobile technologies enable instant global communication.

2. Transportation: Advanced logistics allow faster movement of goods.

16. Growth of the Chinese Economy

The main reasons for the growth of the Chinese economy include:

1. Economic Reforms (1978): Policies like the "Open Door Policy" introduced by Deng Xiaoping encouraged foreign investments and industrial modernization.

2. Export-Oriented Economy: Focus on manufacturing and exports made China a global hub for goods production.

3. Large Workforce and Infrastructure Development: Availability of cheap labor and significant investments in infrastructure accelerated industrial growth.

Or

Factors that make the European Union effective:

1. Economic Integration: Adoption of a common currency (Euro) facilitates trade and investment.

2. Unified Policies: Cooperation on political, environmental, and security issues strengthens member states.

3. Strong Institutions: Entities like the European Parliament and European Commission ensure effective governance.

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17. Security Policy of India

India's security policy aims to protect its sovereignty and ensure internal stability. Key components include:

1. Defensive Military Strategy: Focuses on maintaining robust armed forces and strategic defense capabilities.

2. Nuclear Doctrine: Adopts a "No First Use" policy to deter aggression.

3. Internal Security Measures: Counter-terrorism and insurgency management, including cybersecurity advancements.

Or

New Sources of Threats:

1. Cyber Threats: Hacking, espionage, and data breaches.

2. Climate Change: Impact on resources, migration, and natural disasters.

3. Terrorism: Global networks posing security challenges.

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18. Nation-Building and its Challenges

Nation-Building: It refers to the process of uniting people with diverse cultures, languages, and regions into a cohesive political and social entity.

Challenges:

1. Cultural Diversity: Managing linguistic and ethnic differences.

2. Economic Disparities: Bridging gaps between different regions.

3. Political Instability: Addressing separatist movements and maintaining federal balance.

Or

State Reorganization Commission:

Formed in 1953, its recommendations included:

1. Formation of states based on linguistic lines.

2. Promotion of regional autonomy.

3. Reduction of administrative issues by restructuring.

4. Maintenance of national unity.

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19. Emergency and its Consequences

Emergency: It refers to a situation where constitutional rights are suspended, and the central government assumes sweeping powers.

Consequences:

1. Censorship: Media faced strict regulations, stifling dissent.

2. Political Imprisonment: Opposition leaders were detained, impacting democracy.

Or

The Emergency was imposed in 1975.

Two Constitutional Amendments:

1. 42nd Amendment: Extended Parliament’s tenure and curtailed judicial review.

2. 39th Amendment: Removed judicial scrutiny of election disputes for certain offices.

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20. Shock Therapy and Its Results

Shock Therapy: A rapid transition from a planned to a market economy, often implemented in post-communist states.

Results:

1. Economic Decline: Industries collapsed due to abrupt privatization.

2. Social Inequalities: Wealth disparities widened as resources were unevenly distributed.

3. Political Instability: Weak institutions struggled to manage transitions.

Or

Mikhail Gorbachev’s Reforms in the Soviet Union:

Reasons:

1. Economic Stagnation: Inefficiency in the planned economy.

2. Political Dissent: Rising demand for freedoms.

Examples:

Policies like Perestroika (restructuring) and Glasnost (openness) introduced to modernize the system.

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21. Impact of Sri Lanka's Ethnic Conflict on India

1. Refugee Influx: Tamil refugees fled to India, especially Tamil Nadu.

2. Political Tensions: Support for Tamil groups strained India-Sri Lanka relations.

3. Intervention: India's peacekeeping force (IPKF) faced challenges in resolving conflicts.

Or

Impact of Political Upheaval in Pakistan on India:

1. Cross-Border Terrorism: Instability in Pakistan led to increased infiltration.

2. Diplomatic Challenges: Frequent regime changes affected bilateral relations.

3. Security Concerns: India's defense strategies evolved in response.

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22. Formation and Functions of the Security Council

Formation: Established in 1945 as one of the principal organs of the United Nations.

Functions:

1. Maintaining Peace: Authorizes military interventions and sanctions.

2. Conflict Resolution: Mediates between warring parties.

3. Policy Formulation: Establishes frameworks for global security.

Or

The UN headquarters is located in New York.

India’s Contribution to the UN:

1. Participation in peacekeeping missions globally.

2. Advocacy for climate change and sustainable development.

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23. India's Nuclear Policy

India’s nuclear policy emphasizes No First Use (NFU) and peaceful applications of nuclear technology. It contributes to global peace by:

1. Preventing Arms Race: Advocating for disarmament at international forums.

2. Promoting Dialogue: Encouraging confidence-building measures among nuclear states.

Or

Impact of the India-China War on Indian Politics:

1. Defense Prioritization: Focus shifted to military modernization.

2. Political Realignment: Increased support for strong central leadership.

Examples: Establishment of forward bases and Indo-USSR ties strengthened.