11th Political Science notes Chapter 11: Political Theory An Introduction

Important Question-Answer For Annual Exam

1. Who was the author of the book Hind Swaraj?

Mahatma Gandhi.

2. Which country did Philosopher Socrates belong to?

Greece.

3. Who sentenced Socrates to death?

Socrates was sentenced to death by an Athenian jury in a trial. He was accused of corrupting the youth and impiety (not believing in the gods of the city).

4. Who was Plato?

Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher, a student of Socrates, and the teacher of Aristotle.

5. Who was Plato’s guru?

Socrates was Plato’s guru.

6. Who was the disciple of Socrates?

Plato was a disciple of Socrates.

7. Who wrote the book The Republic?

Plato wrote The Republic.

8. Who was Socrates?

Socrates was an ancient Greek philosopher, known as one of the founders of Western philosophy. He developed the Socratic method, which involves asking questions to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas.

9. From which word has ‘Politics’ been derived?

The word "Politics" is derived from the Greek word "Polis," meaning city-state.

10. Who is called the father of Political Philosophy?

Socrates is often regarded as the father of Political Philosophy.

11. What is politics?

Politics is the process of making decisions that apply to members of a group, often in the context of governance and power. It involves debates, policies, and actions regarding the allocation of resources, rights, and responsibilities in society.

12. Who is the writer of A Grammar of Politics?

A Grammar of Politics was written by Harold J. Laski.

13. Who regarded politics as the "Master science"?

Aristotle regarded politics as the "Master science" because it encompasses all aspects of human life and society.

14. What is the central point of Marxist politics?

The central point of Marxist politics is the concept of class struggle, where the working class (proletariat) seeks to overthrow the capitalist class (bourgeoisie) to establish a classless and stateless society.

15. How many parts has politics been divided into?

Politics is typically divided into three main parts:

Political theory: The study of political ideas, principles, and ideologies.

Comparative politics: The comparison of different political systems and institutions.

International relations: The study of relations between nations and global issues.

Some scholars also consider public administration and political philosophy as additional subfields.

16-Matter and Scope of Political Theory

Political theory is a branch of political science that deals with the systematic study of political ideas, principles, and ideologies. Its scope includes:

1. Study of Political Concepts

Concepts like liberty, equality, justice, democracy, sovereignty, power, and authority are analyzed in depth.

2. Examination of Political Ideologies

Political theory explores ideologies such as liberalism, socialism, Marxism, feminism, conservatism, and anarchism.

3. Analysis of Political Systems

It evaluates different forms of government, such as democracy, monarchy, and dictatorship, along with their functioning.

4. Normative and Empirical Aspects

Normative political theory discusses how things ought to be, while empirical theory focuses on how things are.

5. Study of Rights and Duties

It examines the relationship between individuals and the state, along with their rights, duties, and responsibilities.

6. Critical Reflection on Political Institutions

It questions and evaluates institutions like legislatures, executives, judiciaries, and political parties.

17-Purposes and Functions of Political Theory

1. Clarification of Political Concepts

It defines and clarifies key political ideas, enabling better understanding and discourse.

2. Guidance for Political Practice

Political theory provides a framework for political decision-making and governance.

3. Evaluation of Political Systems

It helps assess the effectiveness and fairness of political systems and policies.

4. Promotion of Political Awareness

Political theory fosters awareness about rights, duties, and the functioning of political systems.

5. Understanding Social Change

It explains the causes and implications of social and political change, providing strategies for progress.

6. Development of Political Ideals

Political theory formulates ideals that societies aspire to achieve, such as equality and justice.

7. Integration of Knowledge

It connects political science with other disciplines, such as history, economics, sociology, and philosophy.

18-Necessity of Studying Political Theory

1. To Develop Critical Thinking

Political theory encourages analytical and critical thinking about political systems and issues.

2. To Understand Governance and Power

It helps individuals comprehend how power is distributed and exercised in society.

3. To Protect Democratic Values

Political theory nurtures the values of liberty, equality, and justice, crucial for a democratic society.

4. To Foster Active Citizenship

A knowledge of political theory empowers individuals to participate actively in political life.

5. To Address Global Issues

It provides tools to understand and tackle global challenges like climate change, inequality, and war.

Conclusion

Political theory is essential for understanding the principles and functioning of politics. It empowers individuals to think critically, engage in informed discussions, and contribute to creating just and equitable societies. Studying political theory is vital for shaping responsible citizens and ensuring effective governance.