📘 Part A: Contemporary World Politics (समकालीन विश्व राजनीति) The Cold War Era (शीत युद्ध का दौर) The End of Bipolarity (द्विध्रुवीयता का अंत) US Hegemony in World Politics ( विश्व राजनीति में अमेरिकी वर्चस्व ) Alternative Centres of Power ( शक्ति के वैकल्पिक केंद्र ) Contemporary South Asia ( समकालीन दक्षिण एशिया ) International Organizations ( अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संगठन ) Security in the Contemporary World ( समकालीन विश्व में सुरक्षा ) Environment and Natural Resources ( पर्यावरण और प्राकृतिक संसाधन ) Globalisation ( वैश्वीकरण ) 📘 Part B: Politics in India Since Independence (स्वतंत्रता के बाद भारत में राजनीति) Challenges of Nation-Building (राष्ट्र निर्माण की चुनौतियाँ) Era of One-Party Dominance (एक-दलीय प्रभुत्व का युग) Politics of Planned Development (नियोजित विकास की राजनीति) India’s External Relations (भारत के विदेश संबंध) Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System ( कांग्रेस प्रणाली की चुनौतियाँ और पुनर्स्थापना ) The Crisis of Democratic...
Class 9th Civics Chapter 3: Electoral Politics – Summary, Notes, and Important Questions Answers (2025)
Class 9 Civics, Chapter 3: Electoral Politics 👇 🗳️ 1. What are Elections? In a democracy, people don’t run the government directly. They elect representatives who make laws and take decisions for them. That process is called an election . ⚖️ 2. Why are Elections Needed? It’s impossible for everyone in a big country to take all decisions together. Elections help people choose leaders who will work for them. Through elections, citizens decide who should make laws and which party should form the government . ✅ 3. What Makes an Election Free and Fair? Every adult citizen has one vote and all votes have equal value . There should be more than one political party . Elections must be held regularly . People should be free to choose their representatives without pressure. 🇮🇳 4. Election System in India General Elections → Held every 5 years for Lok Sabha & State Assemblies. By-Elections → Held if a seat becomes vacant due to death or resignation. Consti...