📘 Part A: Contemporary World Politics (समकालीन विश्व राजनीति) The Cold War Era (शीत युद्ध का दौर) The End of Bipolarity (द्विध्रुवीयता का अंत) US Hegemony in World Politics ( विश्व राजनीति में अमेरिकी वर्चस्व ) Alternative Centres of Power ( शक्ति के वैकल्पिक केंद्र ) Contemporary South Asia ( समकालीन दक्षिण एशिया ) International Organizations ( अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संगठन ) Security in the Contemporary World ( समकालीन विश्व में सुरक्षा ) Environment and Natural Resources ( पर्यावरण और प्राकृतिक संसाधन ) Globalisation ( वैश्वीकरण ) 📘 Part B: Politics in India Since Independence (स्वतंत्रता के बाद भारत में राजनीति) Challenges of Nation-Building (राष्ट्र निर्माण की चुनौतियाँ) Era of One-Party Dominance (एक-दलीय प्रभुत्व का युग) Politics of Planned Development (नियोजित विकास की राजनीति) India’s External Relations (भारत के विदेश संबंध) Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System ( कांग्रेस प्रणाली की चुनौतियाँ और पुनर्स्थापना ) The Crisis of Democratic...
Chapter 2: People as Resource 1. Classification of Activities Human beings perform various activities which can be divided into two categories— (A) Economic Activities Activities through which income/money is earned. Examples: Farmers, laborers, shopkeepers, doctors, lawyers, taxi drivers, manufacturers, etc. (B) Non-Economic Activities Activities that do not provide any economic benefit and are done only for social/personal reasons. Examples: Household work, helping the poor, voluntary service, etc. 2. Types of Economic Activities Market Activities Work done in exchange for payment/profit. Example: Growing crops and selling them in the market. Non-Market Activities Work done for self-consumption or for creating permanent assets. Example: Kitchen garden, production for family use. 3. Human Capital Definition : Human capital is the knowledge, skills, and productive capacity inherent in people. When investment is made in education, training, and he...