📘 Part A: Contemporary World Politics (समकालीन विश्व राजनीति) The Cold War Era (शीत युद्ध का दौर) The End of Bipolarity (द्विध्रुवीयता का अंत) US Hegemony in World Politics ( विश्व राजनीति में अमेरिकी वर्चस्व ) Alternative Centres of Power ( शक्ति के वैकल्पिक केंद्र ) Contemporary South Asia ( समकालीन दक्षिण एशिया ) International Organizations ( अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संगठन ) Security in the Contemporary World ( समकालीन विश्व में सुरक्षा ) Environment and Natural Resources ( पर्यावरण और प्राकृतिक संसाधन ) Globalisation ( वैश्वीकरण ) 📘 Part B: Politics in India Since Independence (स्वतंत्रता के बाद भारत में राजनीति) Challenges of Nation-Building (राष्ट्र निर्माण की चुनौतियाँ) Era of One-Party Dominance (एक-दलीय प्रभुत्व का युग) Politics of Planned Development (नियोजित विकास की राजनीति) India’s External Relations (भारत के विदेश संबंध) Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System ( कांग्रेस प्रणाली की चुनौतियाँ और पुनर्स्थापना ) The Crisis of Democratic...
Arvind Singh PK Rewa: Here's the information about T.H. Marshall: T.H. Marshall (1893-1981) was a renowned British sociologist and political scientist. He made significant contributions to the concept of citizenship and its development. Marshall defined citizenship in his influential book "Citizenship and Social Class" (1949) as: "Citizenship is a status bestowed on those who are full members of a community. All who possess the status are equal with respect to the rights and duties with which the status is endowed." Marshall identified three key components of citizenship: 1. _Civil Rights_: rights necessary for individual freedom, equality, and justice. 2. _Political Rights_: rights to participate in the exercise of political power, such as voting and standing for election. 3. _Social Rights_: rights to economic security, education, healthcare, and social welfare. Marshall's theory emphasizes that these three components of citizenship are interconnected and...